12 results
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... anions • Renal tubular ... acidosisGitelman's ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Hyperkalemic Type 4 RTA
 • Hypokalemic Type 1 RTA
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... - Diagnosis Algorithm ... Type 4 RTA • Hypokalemic ... #Acidosis #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... distal convoluted tubule ... syndrome, Renal tubular ... acidosis (RTA))
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... Bartter's syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Metabolic acidosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... potassium #low #nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
ascending limb Gitelman ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... acidosis - alpha-Intercalated ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Renal Tubular Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased Serum K, Urine pH < 5.5 - Proximal RTA
Decreased
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine pH > 6.0 - Hypokalemic ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... in the distal tubule ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology