12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... excretion • Acute ... #Diagnosis #algorithm ... #nephrology #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... settings, the urine sodium ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Renal failure (acute ... Potassium-sparing ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... Supplement: • Potassium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... states such as acute ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Kidney Stones Acute ... • Can consider medical ... Surgical Rx: • ACUTE ... protein - Low sodium ... Management #Pediatrics #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... Hyperkalemia Acute ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... #treatment #nephrology