10 results
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
1 - Acute CRS: ... neuro-hormonal and uremia ... shifts may be in cause ... CRS: Common pathogenetic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tubular acidosis (type ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology ... #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #nephrology #low
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Failure • SLE • Type ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
diagnostic workup What type ... Alzheimer - 1st cause ... - Progressive amnesia ... after 65 yrs ... Differential #Subtypes #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Failure • SLE • Type ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Aldosterone, RTA Type ... depress, ↑PR ↑QRS ... only if no clear cause ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... ), sickle cell anemia ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Caused by splanchnic ... Classification: ... Type 1): • Rapid ... Type 2): • Gradual ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm ... K/creatinine (Cr ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... #nephrology