21 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... constipation Differential ... Diastematomyelia Physical Exam ... Equina #syndrome #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
and Myotomes Reflexes ... Conditions: • Cauda ... dysfunction, and bilateral ... dorsum of foot and lateral ... Commonly caused
Dysphagia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Structural
 • Tumors
 • Zenker's Diverticulum
 • Foreign Bodv
Neuromuscular Toxic/Metabolic
 • Myasthenia
Dysphagia Differential ... • Amvotrophic Lateral ... Progressive Symptoms • Reflux ... #Dysphagia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Ear Pain (Otalgia) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Primary Otalgia 
 - Pain that originates from the ear
Pain (Otalgia) - Differential ... polychondritis - Relapsing, bilateral ... Gastroesophageal reflux ... loss Physical Exam ... examination • Oral exam
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Chronic Cough - Differential ... clubbing, chest exam ... Abnormal CXR: refer ... Chronic #Cough #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... of normal leg reflexes ... not have to be bilateral
Galant Reflex on Physical Exam

The Galant reflex is present at birth and remains until the 2nd
Galant Reflex on ... Physical Exam ... The Galant reflex ... response, there is lateral ... persistent in cases
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... dysfunction to the bilateral ... • Gag reflex ... • Cough reflex ... Casey Albin MD @
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Causes of spinal ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... involvement Cauda ... syndromes #lesions #differential
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
- Causes progressive ... Increased Jaw Jerk reflex ... Escorial criteria uses ... Exam: clinical evidence ... conditions listed in differential