17 results
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Physical Exam ... sensitivity to cold ... the ankle jerk reflex ... a deep-tendon reflex ... Hypothyroidism #Ankle #Reflexes
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
constipation Differential ... cord infarct ... spondylitis • Tethered cord ... Diastematomyelia Physical Exam ... Equina #syndrome #differential
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam - Hi-Res .mp4 version here: https://www.grepmed.com/images/13248

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and
Woltman’s sign on ... Physical Exam - ... sensitivity to cold ... the ankle jerk reflex ... a deep-tendon reflex
Spinal Cord Injury by Nerve Root Levels
Spinal Root	Sensory	Motor	Reflex
C4	Acromioclavicular Joint	Respiration	None
C5	Radial Antecubital Fossa	Elbow Flexion	Biceps Reflex
C6	Dorsal Thumb	Wrist Extension	Brachioradialis Reflex
C7	Dorsal
Spinal Cord Injury ... Nerve Root Levels Spinal ... Sensory Motor Reflex ... NerveRoots #Levels #differential ... diagnosis #Neurology #Spine
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
cord - Spinal Cord ... involved) - Tendon reflex ... in deep tendon reflexes ... involvement Cauda ... #lesions #differential
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... - Differential ... Lower roots -> Cauda ... dysfunction • Abnormal reflexes ... diagnosis #neurology #differential
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... stroke, Acute spinal ... cord injury Generalized ... cord injury, Early ... Testing #Causes #differential
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Incontinence - Differential ... Precipitated by cold ... neuropathy or spinal ... cord disease, cauda ... #Incontinence #Differential
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Constipation - Differential ... Parkinson's Disease • Spinal ... Cord / SacraI / ... Cauda Equina Injury ... #Constipation #Differential
Stool Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Affected Pelvic Floor 
 - Trauma/Surgery
   • Surgery: Anorectal,
Incontinence - Differential ... Brain, Spinal Cord ... , Cauda Equina) ... #Incontinence #Differential