81 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... syndrome: • ... Causes of Hematuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Renal: - Glomerular ... membrane, Alport syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #urology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephritic syndrome—due ... hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Proteinuria - ++++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... Proteinuria - ++ Hematuria ... Red blood cell casts ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - Renal ... Glomerular #Algorithm #Diagnosis ... Nonglomerular #Causes ... #Differential #Urology
Blurry Vision - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Anatomical Approach to Eye Disease:
1. Lids/Lashes
2. Extraocular Muscles/Motility
3. Conjunctiva/Sclera
4. Cornea
5. Anterior
- Differential Diagnosis ... Ocular Adverse Effects ... • Sjögren’s syndrome ... hyperviscosity syndrome ... ophthalmology #causes
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
and Differential Diagnosis ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... #EM #IM #Urology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology