134 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Causes of Hematuria ... #Differential # ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Renal: ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Algorithm • Confirm hematuria ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Causes of Hematuria - Glomerular vs Non-glomerular

== Glomerular ==
- Glomerulonephritis 
- Thin basement membrane disease 

==
Causes of Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - Renal ... Nonglomerular #Causes ... #Differential # ... Urology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... of Macroscopic Hematuria ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... (HAGMA) - Differential ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... #HAGMA #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Distal Renal Tubular ... Acidosis (RTA) ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology ... #Causes #Differential ... #RenalTubular #Acidosis
Glomerular Diseases - Spectrum
 - Insidious vs Acute
 - Nephritic (hypertension, hematuria, renal failure) vs Nephrotic
(hypertension, hematuria ... , renal failure) ... Diseases #Spectrum #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... salicylates) R Renal ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... /Chronic renal failure ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology