12 results
Apical 4-chamber (A4) Apical 4 Chamber view demonstrating the right ventricle (RV), right atrium (RA), left
(RA), left ventricle ... (LV) and left atrium ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Apical ... #FourChamber #ALiEM
Atrial Fibrillation on POCUS Echocardiogram (A4C)

35yoF presents with acute onset atrial fibrillation.  POCUS shows dilated
(A4C) 35yoF ... left atrium & poor ... mitral valve coaptation ... Echocardiogram #A4C ... #clinical #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Embolism #diagnosis #differential ... scoring #criteria #cardiology
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Prosthetic valve ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... • Left sided > Right ... #management #cardiology
Parasternal Long Axis view with measurement. Note the right ventricle (RV), interventricular septum (S), left ventricle
ventricle (LV), left ... atrium (LA), anterior ... #Clinical #EM #Cardiology ... #POCUS #Parasternal ... LongAxis #PSLA #ALiEM
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
disease Infective endocarditis ... vegetations)/tumor (left ... atrial myxoma)/ ... ball valve thrombus ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Tricuspid Valve Endocarditis on POCUS Echocardiogram

Patient with active IVDU presents with fever, sepsis.  More likely
Tricuspid Valve ... Endocarditis on ... findings with left-sided ... #clinical #cardiology ... #s4c
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
Giant dilated left ... Mitral valve doesn ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram ... #clinical #cardiology ... #pocus
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... • Prosthetic valve ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... #Endocarditis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #cardiology
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
- Differential ... ASD or PFO with left ... #Diagnosis #cardiology ... echocardiogram #s4c ... #pocus #bubble