19 results
Chronic Diarrhea - Workup
Osmotic:
 • Consider food diary and trial avoiding certain foods or meds, Consider
intolerance suspected, Colonoscopy ... performed, may show melanosis ... EGD +/- ERCP +/- colonoscopy ... Inflammatory: • Colonoscopy
Oxygen-Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve

Left Shift (↓ O2 unloading to tissue), Left = Lower:
 • ↓ H+ (↑
Curve Left Shift ... Temperature Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #pathophysiology
Melanosis coli on Colonoscopy
 - Benign finding on colonoscopy
 - Ask about senna (anthranoid) use
Melanosis coli on ... Colonoscopy - ... Benign finding on colonoscopy ... , ↑ adenomas #Melanosis ... #coli #Colonoscopy
Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve 

Left Shift - decreased unloading of O2 at tissue level (i.e.  increased
Curve Left Shift ... Hypophosphatæmia Right Shift ... Dissociation #Curve #Pathophysiology ... #Left #Right #Shift
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Transcellular Shift ... potassium #low #pathophysiology
Conceptual Relationship between Volume Responsiveness and Volume Tolerance

Assessing for volume responsiveness would only tell you that
Causes of "Left Shift ... Tolerance #IVFluids #Shift ... #Differential #Pathophysiology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
• Increased EC shift ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... driven by insulin) shifts ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts ... • These shifts ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Metabolic Acidosis • Shift ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology