11 results
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
due to severe compression ... - Emergency Causes ... cord infarct • HIV ... lumbar stenosis • Vascular ... • Provocative Tests
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Arthritis ... stenosis/nerve compression ... Herpes zoster - HIV ... differential #diagnosis #lower ... extremity #msk #physicalexam
Causes of Knee Effusions - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Knee Effusion Red Flags:
1. Fever/Chills/Joint pain/Night sweats/Weight loss
	- DDX:
		-
Causes of Knee Effusions ... Seronegative Reactive Syndrome ... Ligamentous injuries - Meniscal ... Knee #Effusions #causes ... diagnosis #msk #physicalexam
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
spasticity • Lower ... Spinal Cord Causes ... Viral: VZV, HSV, HIV ... Vascular/Blockage ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... • Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Commonly caused ... fracture or prolonged compression ... stopping walking (vascular
Ober's Test for TFL/ITB Inflammation

With the patient in the lateral position, affected side up.  The
The examiner supports ... , then slowly lowers ... Iliotibial #Band #Syndrome ... clinical #video #physicalexam ... #sports #msk #orthopedics
SAPHO Syndrome Summary

What?
SAPHO syndrome is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder of bone, joint, and skin characterized
nonerosive inflammatory arthritis ... anterior chest wall, parts ... Rule out other causes ... pelvis, heel, and lower ... blockers had the best
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulse deficits vascular ... of shoulder and hip ... the upper and lower ... tract, and often causes ... Palpable purpura (lower
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
the upper and lower ... tract, and often causes ... and bullous or vesicular ... retinopathy Lab Tests ... Cryoglobulins • HIV
Posterior Knee Dislocation Injury
Specifically, POSTERIOR KNEE DISLOCATIONS can have significant associated injury that needs unique approach
DISLOCATION: ~25% cases ... nerve injury (25%) TEST ... Check hip and ankle ... Compartment syndrome ... special ligament/meniscus