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management differential neurology syndrome microscopy barre guillain urology workup aids aki algorithm aniongap atlas bladder blood clinical cns colovesical cystoscopy
Urine Microscopy - Casts Acellular Casts • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of acute ... in a variety of acute ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... disease • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... repeat testing • Acute ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Hyponatremia is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... #nephrology #sodium
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Weakness - Dark urine ... Cast formation: ... #treatment #nephrology
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Syndrome - Summary Acute ... Epidemiology: • 1-2 cases ... Guillain-Barre Diagnosis ... variants: (1) acute ... #neurology
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA: 1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL 2. Arterial pH <7.3 3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L 4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... to 30% of DKA cases ... physiologic stress or acute ... their loss in the urine ... Treatment with IV
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... (no casts, protein ... Treatment Overview ... essential in all cases ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
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