39 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... ultrasound, Tests ... sodium loading test ... (with 24-h urine ... saline infusion test
Cushing Syndrome Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
 • Suspected Cushing syndrome (central obesity, muscle weakness, refractory hypertension)
Testing:
Cortisol, Free Urine ... dexamethasone suppression test ... Serum (or Cortisol Urine ... Hormone • MRI of adrenal ... endocrinology #Adrenal
Urine Drug Screens - Common drugs that may cause false positive tests 

Amphetamines:
Bupropion, Labetalol, Methylphenidate, Phenylephrine,
Urine Drug Screens ... drugs that may cause ... false positive tests ... DrugScreens #UDS #Laboratory ... FalsePositive #Testing
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
ACTH stimulation test ... aldosterone - Low in cases ... autoantibody tests ... Insufficiency #Evaluation #laboratory ... #diagnosis #testing
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... the setting of ... renal disease # ... Clinical #Nephro #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... Water Deprivation Test ... Water Deprivation Test ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
mimics, repeat testing ... WBCs, or urine ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology for renal ... Nephrology if cause
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypoglycemia Testing ... ACTH) stimulation test ... ACTH - Primary adrenal
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinis", determined heating ... Clarity Dipstick test ... specific gravity test ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Adrenal Insufficiency ... unclear (often the case ... then go to stim testing ... Standard Stim test ... #Stimulation #Test