30 results
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Alkalosis Step 3 - Compensation ... compensation ... • Respiratory compensation ... Metabolic acidosis ... Acetazolamide Causes
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acidemia (pH < 7.35)
 • Metabolic Acidosis (HCO3 < 24mmol/L) CO2
pH < 7.35) • Metabolic ... Acidosis (HCO3 ... • Respiratory Acidosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Compensation
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... show anion-gap metabolic ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... Aspirin #Toxicity #Toxicology ... diagnosis #management #Treatment
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
acidosis • Chronic ... acidosis due to ... the indicated causes ... acidosis, a high ... of sodium and potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis Causes ... Potassium-sparing ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Occult Causes of Non-Response to Vasopressors

vital disclaimer: the cognitive response to hypotension should not be reaching
hypotension is treatment ... non-responders: - acidosis ... occult bleeding - toxicologic ... - 2nd cause shock ... #Differential #Causes
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
Early raised AG acidosis ... normal anion gap acidosis ... may be ↑ or ↓ Treatment ... environment • Potassium ... Toluene #Poisoning #Toxicology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... Hyperchloremia nonanion gap metabolic ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause