9 results
Alkaptonuria (Black Urine Disease)
Urine turns dark when left standing due to oxidation of homogentisic acid 
Clinical
Alkaptonuria (Black Urine ... Disease) Urine ... intervertebral discs Management ... #Alkaptonuria #BlackUrine ... Pediatrics #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Streptocccus Pneumoniae Microbiology ... Spec > 95%) • Urine ... antigen in CAP • Urine ... Specificity of 97%) Treatment ... #diagnosis #management
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... Hantavirus #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #microbiology
Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira (interrogans, kirschneri, noguchii)
Risk Factors:
 • Occupational exposure - Farmers, ranchers, trappers, veterinarians
 • Recreational
manifestations • MAT microscopic ... Leptospirosis #Leptospira #microbiology ... #diagnosis #treatment ... #management
Cyclosporiasis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Pathogen: 
 • Cyclospora cayetanensis
 • Foodborne, waterbone, and soil-transmitted.
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Established via stool microscopy ... Treatment: • TMP-SMX-DS ... cayetanensis #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #microbiology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... oxidative iniury Treatment ... hour with goal urine ... Summary #causes #treatment
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
polyangiitis), MPA (microscopic ... Anti-GBM antibody • Urine ... : UA, Urine protein ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #treatment
Emphysematous Cystitis
Epidemiology:
 • Usually middle-aged diabetic women
 • Other RF: neurogenic bladder, urinary tract outlet obstruction,
Pathophysiology: ... present • UA and Urine ... also important Management ... data • Early treatment ... Cystitis #diagnosis #management
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... diagnosis #nephrology #management ... #pathophysiology