10 results
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... for intracranial masses ... a mass as the cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Neuromuscular Junction Dysfunction ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Hyperkalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
R/O Pseudo-hyperkalemia:
 • Possible Lab error! Alwavs Repeat Blood sample!
 • Leukocytosis, Thrombocytosis:
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... tourniquet while drawing ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #high #pathophysiology
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... are present • Classic ... B-Cell ~90% • Low Grade ... range • High Grade ... Classification #pathophysiology
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
Micro-aneurysms Moderate ... ischemia -> Venous beading ... retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... complications #pathophysiology
Transient Monocular Vision loss - Differential Diagnosis
Ischemia	
 - Large artery disease (atherothrombosis, embolus, dissection).
  -
“whiting” or “graying ... Caused by decreased ... tumor, trauma, Graves ... Ocular causes - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Ophthalmology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... retinal arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Manifestations Causes ... rice/processed grains ... and myocardial dysfunction ... triggers Right HF • Moderate ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
channels open leading ... channels open leading ... 1A: Moderate Blockade ... Classification #Classes ... #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis of Select Causes of Constipation in Adults and in Elderly

 • Mechanical (ex. Bowel Obstruction,
Pathogenesis of Select Causes ... CNS neurons -> Dysfunction ... colonic mucosa, leading ... #constipation #pathophysiology