536 results
Crystalloid Composition - Normal Saline, Ringer's Lactate, Hartmann's Solution, PlasmaLyte

Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- 
Acetate 
Lactate 
Gluconate 
Bicarbonate
Saline, Ringer's Lactate ... Ca2+ Mg2+ Cl- Acetate ... Lactate Gluconate ... #LR #Ringers #Lactated
Lactic Acidosis - Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery
 • Anaerobic muscular
Biguanides, Carbon monoxide ... Fructose, Isoniazid, Lactate-based ... #TypeA #TypeB #lactate
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... categories Lactate ... The use of lactate ... With ↑ Lactate ... anemia - Carbon monoxide
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Lactated Ringers ... mEq/L • Sodium lactate ... pH of 4-7.5 Lactated ... mEq • Sodium Lactate ... mole/L of sodium lactate
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 - MAP <65. SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 -
malperfusion - Lactate ... MAP > 60-65 2) Lactate ... Differential #Diagnosis #criticalcare
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Symptoms are non-specific:
 - Headache 90%
 - Nausea/vomiting 50%
 - Vertigo 50%
 - Altered
Carbon Monoxide ... PeterboroughEM #Carbon #Monoxide
Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Type A: Impaired O2 Delivery (DO2)
 • Decreased O2 Delivery: Hypotension
with negative lactate ... requires separate D-lactate ... sugars into D-Lactate ... Differential #Diagnosis #criticalcare ... #lactate
GOLDMARK - Mnemonic for Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
G - Glycols
O - Oxoproline
L - L-Lactate
D - D-Lactate
M
Oxoproline L - L-Lactate ... D - D-Lactate
Shock Classification and Differential Diagnosis
SHOCK
 • MAP <65, SBP <90, drop in SBP > 40
 •
malperfusion • Lactate ... Diagnosis #Types #criticalcare
Elevated Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme present in tissues throughout
Elevated Lactate ... methysergide, carbon monoxide ... disease #LDH #Lactate