39 results
Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia in Adults
Assess Patient - Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure (ABCDE) Approach
 •
Emergency Management ... mmol/L - Consider cause ... Monitor K+ and Blood ... Monitor serum K+ and blood ... #management #algorithm
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... dietary intake • Blood ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Burns • Trauma/Crush ... injury • Blood ... Blood transfusion ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... peaks 1-2h) • Blood ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia ... #management #potassium ... #nephrology
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Complications - Hypercalcemia ... acid from the blood ... - Tubular Poisons ... acid from the blood ... Release of purine bases
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
 • Cellular Shift:
   - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... tacrolimus - Hyperkalemic ... production: TLS, Crush ... : Blood draw error ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Immobilization - Crush ... UA positive for blood ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
and Management ... Lysis (TLS, rhabdo/crush ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology