55 results
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
constipation • Allergic reaction ... -> Benign Rash ... mediated cytotoxic reaction ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Basophilia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Basophils < 1% of the total white blood cell count
Basophils function similarly
during an allergic reaction ... Or Inflammatory Reactions ... Chickenpox Other Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes ... #hematology #basophils
Vesiculobullous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vesicles Fragile/EasiIy Ruptured - Intraepidermal blisters, possibly crusts/erosions
 - Inflammatory
Vesiculobullous Skin Rash ... blisters, possibly crusts ... Bullous impetigo - Reaction ... diabeticorum) - Reaction ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
- Transfusion Reactions ... blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... #Transfusion #Reactions ... #hematology #diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... Intravascular Causes ... • Transfusion reactions ... classification #hematology
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
cause quadriplegia ... & hemorrhagic rash ... Maternal viremia causes ... Vesicular & pruritic rash ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
maculopapular rash ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... Other: Transfusion reaction ... - Transfusion reaction ... Extravascular #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
disorders, or other causes ... • Secondary Causes ... fever • Drug reactions ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
maculopapular rash ... Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... more likely to cause ... diagnosis #management #hematology