5284 results
Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation
Indications: 
 • COPD exacerbation (↓ intubation, ↓ mortality), Cardiogenic pulmonary edema (↓
intubation, ↓ mortality ... pulmonary edema (↓ mortality ... ), Other causes ... Ventilation #diagnosis #management
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
→ Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... mortality and CV ... heartfailure #diagnosis #management
Pulmonary Embolism - Risk Stratification and Prognostication based on scores and clinical features

 • Bova score
class (30-day all cause ... mortality) • ... prognostication #diagnosis #management
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
• Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... with improved mortality ... microbiology #diagnosis #management
Sepsis - Diagnosis and Management
Life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection
SEPTIC SHOCK
Diagnosis and Management ... organ dysfunction caused ... substantially increase mortality ... or in-hospital mortality ... Management Principles
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM)

What is PPCM?
• A form of acute systolic heart failure that develops late in
other high-output causes ... Rule out other causes ... - Up to 20% mortality ... recognition and management ... recovery, and mortality
Hypermagnesemia - Diagnosis and Management

Hypermagnesemia is a serum magnesium concentration > 2.6 mg/dL.
Symptoms include hyporeflexia, hypotension,
Diagnosis and Management ... day in-hospital mortality ... in ICU Causes ... helpful in severe cases ... Hypermagnesemia #Diagnosis #Management
Evidence for Treatment of Acute Esophageal Variceal Bleeding
 • Octreotide (PMID: 11870374) - Endoscopic banding +
No mortality benefit ... from the ulcer caused ... around 90% of cases ... , around 50% mortality ... Bleeding #varices #management
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Causes purpura & ... TRALI): Leading cause ... related death (15% mortality ... High mortality. ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... 50y 5) Global mortality ... : 9-14 cases per ... symptoms are not caused ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management