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Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Type 1) • ↑ Creatinine ... ) • No shock • ... Type 2) • HRS-AKD ... - No other cause ... - No other cause
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal ... , Distributive Shock ... , HRS, Hypercalcemia ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes ... #algorithm
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
PRE-SHOCK - Compensated ... end-organ damage, multisystem ... • Most common type ... Classification #Types ... warm #wet #dry #table
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
HR is not desired ... where ↑ HR is not ... Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... be used in all types ... Inotropes #comparison #table
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS ... Classification: HRS-AKI ... HRS-Non-AKI (formerly ... liver transplant evaluation ... #HRS #Hepatorenal
Chest Pain / ACS Evaluation Algorithm
Algorithm that attempts to the use history taking (guided by LRs),
Chest Pain / ACS Evaluation ... Algorithm Algorithm ... taking (guided by LRs ... physical activity - Nausea ... ChestPain #ACS #Evaluation
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
Preoperative Risk Evaluation ... Major Pre-Op ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... Risk Stratify Type ... What is the type
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... Aldosterone, RTA Type ... ↑QRS intervals, ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
are excellent at evaluating ... essentially Cardiogenic Shock ... the determined cause ... #differential #algorithm ... cardiology #treatment #table