14 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
and/or proteinuria ... /nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... , microscopic hematuria ... , granular casts ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... casts) - Isolated ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... range) proteinuria
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria syndrome ... of glomerular hematuria ... : - RBC casts ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... #nephrology #renal
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
suggestive of nephrotic ... • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
• Evidence of glomerular ... bleeding (proteinuria ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
CLINICAL • Nephritic ... syndrome (Casts ... ) • Marked proteinuria ... (may be nephrotic ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... In each diagnosis ... because nephritic ... #glomerular #proteinuria ... #nephrotic #syndrome