12 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Diseases #Nephritic ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... : - RBC casts ... disease Renal ... Diagnosis #causes ... #renal #urine #
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Fanconi's syndrome ... RBC casts ... Minimal change disease ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... casts) - Isolated ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... because nephritic ... #diagnosis #glomerular ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Mesangiocapillary GN ... • Active Urine ... , RBC casts, +/- ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... #diagnosis #renal
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... heme-granular casts ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... Fatty - Nephrotic ... Microscopy #Diagnosis
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
Renal Syndromes ... : (AKI, proteinuria ... , RBC casts, low ... crescentic GN ... #Renal #Syndromes