9 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria and/or proteinuria ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC ... #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... Proteinuria often ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Drugs Glomerular ... urine sediment - WBC ... /RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
cells on urine microscopy ... Dysmorphic RBCs and/or RBC ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... range) proteinuria
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
abnormalities of selected glomerular ... EM) Haematuria/nephritis ... polyangiitis #glomerular ... #diseases #nephrology ... #pathology #comparison
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... sterile pyuria, WBC ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... , mild tubular proteinuria ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... or dipstick) Glomerular ... • Causes of Glomerular ... Brown urine - Proteinuria ... causes #urology #nephrology
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
, RBC casts, +/- ... proteinuria) ... formation along glomerular ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
polyangiitis, Microscopic ... sclerosis • Anti-Glomerular ... Investigations • Labs: CBC ... • Urinalysis (proteinuria ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology