10 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... may be in nephrotic ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Nephritis When ... , microscopic hematuria ... casts/RTE; blend ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
HPF spun urine sediment ... sediment by microscopy ... of glomerular hematuria ... : - RBC casts ... #nephrology #renal
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... ) • Granular Casts ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... in acute tubular ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... • Evidence of glomerular ... casts, dysmorphic ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... renal disease • Granular ... #nephrology #casts
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... because nephritic ... urine sediment ... #diagnosis #glomerular ... #proteinuria #nephrotic