11 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Diseases #Nephritic
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... and/or RBC casts ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Nephritis When ... , microscopic hematuria ... casts/RTE; blend ... #Interstitial #Nephritis ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
HPF spun urine sediment ... sediment by microscopy ... hematuria syndrome ... : - RBC casts ... #nephrology #renal
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... in acute tubular ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... suggestive of nephrotic ... ) • Granular Casts ... • RBC Casts - ... #Urine #Microscopy
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease ... • Granular casts ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Fanconi's syndrome ... sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... Minimal change disease ... #Algorithm #Causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... because nephritic ... urine sediment ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology