9 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
and/or proteinuria ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... , RBC casts, dysmorphic ... → Refer to Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
of glomerular hematuria ... : - RBC casts ... - Proteinuria ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • White cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... #nephrology #casts
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... hematuria, mild ... tubular proteinuria ... , granular casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
cell/white cell casts ... Hematuria may be ... #diagnosis #glomerular ... #proteinuria #nephrotic ... #syndrome #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
microscopy / urinary ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... Interstitial nephritis ... #nephrology #causes
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria 

Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
Hematuria Microscopic ... RBC's, cellular casts ... , proteinuria, elevated ... #Microscopic #diagnosis ... #management #urology