13 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC ... #Comparison #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Workup #urology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Diagnosis Framework ... syndrome: • ... : • Stone • ... #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Causes of Urinary Tract Obstruction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Upper Tract - Bladder NOT distended on ultrasound,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Upper ... on ultrasound, Hematuria ... #Algorithm #Causes ... #Urology
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... - TTP/HUS • Glomerular ... - Strong Medicine ... Classification #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... nervous system (stroke ... Hematuria may be ... #diagnosis #glomerular ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... : • Vascular: Stroke ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... hypovolaemia and obstruction ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #nephrology #causes
Summary of characteristic abnormalities of selected glomerular diseases
Light Microscopy (LM) - Immunofluorescence Microscopy (IM) - Electron
Microscopy (EM) Haematuria ... Nephrotic syndrome ... #diseases #nephrology ... #pathology #comparison ... #table #diagnosis
Mechanisms of Pain
Mixed - Nociceptive/Neuropathic
Nociceptive - Tissue Damage
 - Visceral - (From organ/cavity lining) Poorly localized,
regional pain syndrome ... Limb • Post-stroke ... Pain #Mechanisms #Neurology ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Causes