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White Blood Cell Maturation Chart

#Pathology #WBC #Maturation #Lineage #Chart #Leukocyte #Myeloid #Myeloblast #Lymphocyte
Lineage #Chart #Leukocyte ... #Myeloid #Myeloblast
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... • “Muddy brown cast
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... Splenomegaly • ↑ Leukocyte ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... differentiated leukocytes
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... cells within the myeloblast ... precursor cells to leukocytes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Fatality / Mortality Calculations in an Outbreak
There are a number of different types of rates, risks,
# of deaths in cases ... infection / # of cases ... # of deaths in cases ... # of deaths in cases ... #Calculating #InfectiousDiseases
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
peripheral blood leukocytes ... on the left Myeloblast
Rapidly Growing Mycobacterial Infections

 • Mycobacterium abscessus - Is the most pathogenic and the most likely
Reported cases associated ... #differential #infectiousdiseases
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts