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diagnosis management oncology differential algorithm anemia leukemia workup blood chronic lymphocytic myelodysplastic rbc thrombocytopenia activation acute aplastic apml atlas bloodbank
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... ITP • SLE • CLL ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... . lupus, CLL, lymphoma ... • Intrinsic RBC ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... Allogeneic stem cell ... #MDS #Diagnosis ... #hematology #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... Neutrophils • Immature/Myeloblasts ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia and Platelet Disorders - Differential Diagnosis and Workup History: - Prior platelet count, family
Infection exposure (l MD ... function test, ANA (e.g ... not required in all ... or if a primary hematologic ... #Workup #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Normal Blood Smear •
Causes of Anemia ... Increased Requirement (e.g ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... Cells, Normal WBCs ... #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
Causes of Thrombocytosis ... inflammatory disorders (e.g ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia (CML ... #hematology #secondary
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
blasts and high WBC ... count cause hyperviscosity ... • Lab values: WBC ... unless worrisome EKG ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Lymphocytosis on CBC ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... leukemia • Sezary syndrome ... workup #oncology #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Liver Disease, MDS ... Chemotherapy (e.g ... Burr Cell RBC (Echinocyte ... Bite Cell RBC: G6PD ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
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