42 results
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... retraction nystagmus - Eyelid ... retraction (Collier's sign ... → "setting sun sign ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology
Priapism 

Secondary Causes:
Medications- intracavernosal injections, anticoagulants, PDE5 inhibitors, alpha blockers, methylphenidate, cocaine
Any hyperviscosity syndrome (SCD, leukemia,
hyperviscosity syndrome ... SCD, leukemia, myeloma ... or are zebras (…amyloid ... Priapism #Diagnosis #Management ... #Urology #Differential
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... retraction nystagmus • Eyelid ... retraction (Collier's sign ... "setting sun" sign ... #neurology #diagnosis
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... , myeloma, secondary ... amyloid), Paraneoplastic ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
clinical context and signs ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... myoglobin • Myeloma ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia - Differential ... VitD: Multiple Myeloma ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... bladder and rectal reflex ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #orthopedics #neurology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... seizure, primitive reflexes ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm and Management
Hemorrhagic:
 • Intracerebral: HTN, Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Trauma, Bleeding Diathesis,
Stroke - Differential ... Algorithm and Management ... HTN, Cerebral Amyloid ... #Stroke #CVA #Differential ... #neurology #treatment
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... Hyperthyroidism, Serotonin syndrome ... Testing #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #table #neurology