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Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
findings: - Weakness ... sense - Variable weakness ... result in: - Weakness ... - Radiation myelopathy ... in: - Muscle weakness
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
neurological lesion: Clinical ... /paralysis - Weakness ... - Radiation myelopathy ... - Radiation myelopathy ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Neurological Patterns of Weakness
 • Hemispheric lesion
 • Brainstem lesion
 • Spinal cord lesion
 • Polyneuropathy
Neurological Patterns of Weakness ... Polyneuropathy • Myopathy ... Neurology #Patterns #Weakness
Myositis and Myopathies
Polymyositis 
 • Progressive, symmetric muscle weakness 
 • Elevated CK, +Anti-Jo, +Anti-Mi2
Dermatomyositis
symmetric muscle weakness ... symmetric muscle weakness ... Fever, No muscle weakness ... asymmetric muscle weakness ... Proximal muscle weakness
Statin Induced Muscle Toxicity - Summary

Clinical Presentation:
 • Elevations of serum creatine kinase with proximal myalgia
Toxicity - Summary Clinical ... proximal myalgia and weakness ... symmetric muscle weakness ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... IU/I • SAMS clinical
Myositis and Myopathies
#ESR #CK #Differential diagnosis of myopathy 
#Inflammatory #myopathies	#Dermatomyositis	
#muscle weakness
#Polymyositis	
#Inclusion body myositis
#Polymyalgia rheumatica	
#Fibromyalgia	
#Hypothyroid myopathy	
#Muscle stiffness
#Drug-induced
Differential diagnosis of myopathy ... Dermatomyositis #muscle weakness ... #Hypothyroid myopathy ... Statin-induced myopathy ... Cocaine-induced myopathy
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
Myalgia, Muscle weakness ... Psychosis, Deafness ... of movement, Deafness ... Carpal timel syndrome ... hypertrophy, Proximal myopathy
Causes of Neuromuscular Weakness
 • Spinal Cord: Demyelinating Disease (MS), Epidural abscess, Infarction, Syringomyelia, Tetanus, Transverse
Neuromuscular Weakness ... Guillain-Barre syndrome ... heavy metals), Critical ... Lambert Eaton Syndrome ... Mitochondrial myopathy
Myelopathy - Injury to the entire spinal cord - Signs and Symptoms
 • Ataxia (early sign)
Myelopathy - Injury ... • Gross motor weakness ... early signs) #Myelopathy
Autoimmune Myositis
Necrotizing myopathy is associated with higher CK levels, greater level of muscle weakness, less systemic
Myositis Necrotizing myopathy ... level of muscle weakness ... anti-synthetase syndrome ... and anti-HMGCR myopathy ... have significant weakness