29 results
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 • Hepatic Encephalopathy
 • Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 •
Encephalopathy • Pulmonary ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Renal: Hepatorenal syndrome ... • Ascites: Spontaneous ... Complications #hepatology
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... • Budd-Chiari syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... • Myxedema ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Hepatology
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
Causes of Ascites ... - Budd-Chiari syndrome ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... - Myxedema (SAAG ... #differential #hepatology
Causes of Pleural Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Transudate - Hydrostatic
 • Congestive heart failure
 • Constrictive
• Nephrotic syndrome ... enteropathy • Myxedema ... Malignancy • Pulmonary ... Pleural #Effusion #Pulmonary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Hepatology
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Tamponade Pulmonary ... - Asthma - COPD ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... diagnosis #causes #pulmonary
Indications for Albumin for Management of Cirrhosis
 • Large volume paracentesis (>5 liter) - 8g per
8g per liter of ascites ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... Management #Cirrhosis #treatment ... #hepatology
Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG) - Differential Diagnosis
High albumin gradient (>1.1 g/dl):
 - Cirrhosis	
 - Alcoholic
Serum Ascites Albumin ... thrombosis (Budd-Chiari syndrome ... pregnancy - Myxedema ... cirrhosis - Nephrotic syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #hepatology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... Circulatory Symptoms ... symptoms - most ... rewarming • Symptoms ... hemolytic #anemia #hematology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Management
Global IBS Symptoms:
  - Limited trial low FODMAP diet
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Management Global IBS Symptoms ... ♀ with severe symptoms ... Gastroenterology and Hepatology ... gastroenterology #treatment
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Dehydration • Symptoms ... changes, stroke symptoms ... organ damage • Treatment ... tumor burden • Symptoms ... diagnosis #management #hematology