13 results
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/Cl ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... Atheroemboli — 1% #AcuteKidneyInjury ... Algorithm #Causes #Differential
General approach to AKI - Checklist

Urine electrolytes & FENa - Previously, it was believed that urine
FENa) could help differentiate ... between pre-renal ... and intrinsic renal ... AKI #Checklist #AcuteKidneyInjury
Floaters - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
Vitreous Floaters:
• Microscopic collagen fibers within the vitreous that tend to clump
Floaters - Differential ... shadows on the retina ... suggestive of retinal ... floaters: • Myopia ... #Floaters #Differential
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
Epithelial Cells Renal ... syndrome - Na-K-2Cl ... barrtin (recruits Cl ... receptor Distal renal ... Nephrology #Diagnosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... NGT suction, Low Cl ... • High Urine Cl ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
NAGMA NA + K - Cl ... excreted with Cl ... RTA (nb ↑K) - Renal ... NAGMA #diagnosis #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... acidosis Step 5 - Differential ... - Diarrhea - Renal ... Base #Gas #VBG #differential
Inherited Qualitative Platelet Defects
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
 • Defect of adhesion due to a lack of GP Ib/IX/V
in non-muscle myosin ... cataracts, and renal ... comparison #table #differential
Erythrocytosis - Polycythemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Elevated Hemoglobin:
 • Males: Hb > 16.5 g/dL/HCT ≥ 49%
 •
- Polycythemia Differential ... Hypoxia-independent: Post-renal ... Paraneoplastic (e.g., RCC ... Polycythemia #Vera #PV #Differential