39 results
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
cytokine synthesis, e.g ... Immunosuppressant #Drugs #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology ... #immunology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: when any egg ... Neurological Compromise (e.g ... Cardiac Compromise (e.g ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology #diagnosis
Anaphylaxis: Pathogenesis
Anaphylaxis is a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
While the primary mechanism of anaphylaxis is mast cell
Lipid mediators (e.g ... Other mediators (e.g ... inflammatory mediators (e.g ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Action #nephrology #pharmacology
Common sodium channel blockers which cause QRS widening.

Anticonvulsants: 
 - Carbamazepine 
Antidysrhythmics:  
 - Group
QRS #widening #ECG ... #EKG #Pharmacology ... Toxicology #Diagnosis #Differential
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Short Stature - Differential ... Dysplasias • (e.g ... Metabolism Error • Immunologic ... • CNS Tumors (e.g ... #ShortStature #Differential
Non-Resolving Pneumonias: Etiologies
Unusual Infections:
 - Immunocompromised patients (e.g.: Mycobacterium, Aspergillosis, Nocardia)
 - Endemic Fungi (e.g.: Histoplasmosis,
Endemic Fungi (e.g ... - Zoonotic (e.g ... Returning travelers (e.g ... Immunologic disorders ... diagnosis #pulmonary #differential
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... and Differential ... - Congenital (e.g ... HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #
Anaphylaxis: Treatments (Acute)
Additional Info:
 • IV steroids may be considered for prevention of late phase reactions.
antagonist use (e.g ... adjunct therapy) e.g ... adjunct therapy) e.g ... Treatments #Management #pathophysiology ... #immunology
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
#hyperkalemia #differential ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology #