10 results
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
RPGN has three primary pathophysiologic causes differentiated by immunofluorescence

Immune Complex Mediated (granular staining):
Idiopathic • Normal ... to Kidney: Anti-GBM ... ANCA (C-ANCA): GPA ... eGPA, MPA >>> GPA ... diagnosis #algorithm #rheumatology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Drug-associated, PCH ... Liver Disease, PNH ... Blood Smear ↑ abnormal ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Drug-induced AIHA - Abnormal ... Cold AIHA • PCH ... • PNH ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
deficiencies - PNH ... Decreased Support Of Dermal ... vasculitis - GPA ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology ... #rheumatology #
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
HBV, HCV, HEV, EBV ... , PSC, IgG4, HLH ... - If both are normal ... function may be abnormal ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Elevated Globulin - Protein Gap (Total Protein - Albumin > 4)

Work-up of an Elevated Globulin Gap:
•
acute HIV, HBV, EBV ... gastric tumors • Hematology ... chain assay • An abnormal ... light chain • Normal ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
A group of necrotizing, small-vessel vasculitis without immune complex deposition. Complement levels are normal due
Complement levels are normal ... polyangiitis (GPA ... rarely PR3 Anti-GBM ... PR3 #Diagnosis #Rheumatology
Paraproteinemias

Entities That Can Feature A Monoclonal Protein/M Component:
• MM
• WM
• MGUS
• MGCS
• MGRS
• Splenic Marginal Zone
Cryoglobulinemic, Hypo/normo-complementemic ... WAIHA • CAD • PCH ... Evans • ITP • Cl-NH ... Pseudohyponatremia • ↓anion gap ... Paraproteinemias #Hematology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
> PR3 60% • GPA ... glomerulonephritis) • Anti-GBM ... - Recurrent oral ... • ANCA (Dx: GPA ... differential #diagnosis #rheumatology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
strength & enzymes normal ... fluid (CSF) is abnormal ... MPO > PR3 60/ GPA ... pain and GN Anti-GBM ... Differential #Diagnosis #Rheumatology