14 results
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
and Differential Diagnosis ... and signs of end-organ ... renal bruit or signs ... Coarctation of aorta, Vasculitis ... • Endocrinologic
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... • Sepsis • Blood ... Small-vessel vasculitis ... • Prolonged hypotension ... /phimosis #Diagnosis
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Muscle weakness • Hypotension ... smooth muscle cells ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... hematuria • Signs ... GN or vasculitis ... #nephrology #renal ... #urine #blood
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #nephrology #causes
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... - Malignant Hypertension ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Vasculitis
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
if unexpected hypotension ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... be a clue • Blood ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... cells in the lung ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... #differential #diagnosis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
endothelial lining of blood ... various inflammatory cells ... periumbilical region), nausea ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis ... #Signs #Symptoms
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... endothelium) & Decr blood ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms