14 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
- Differential Diagnosis ... hematuria • Signs ... → Diagnostic of ... GN or vasculitis ... #nephrology #renal
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
Intussusception - Renal ... nephritic syndrome, renal ... and ankles) #HSP ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... #nephrology #causes
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... tract, and often causes ... purpura: strong sign ... • Complement (Low ... • Urinalysis (Renal
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
Nephritic syndrome (Casts ... • Often severe renal ... Leukocyturia • Vasculitic ... C3/lgG or IgA (esp ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
Viral replication causes ... Hypertension - Renal ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): Extra-articular manifestations
Skin: 
 • Inflammation of skin (esp. over areas of stress) forms
blood vessels (vasculitis ... inflammation tends to cause ... RheumatoidArthritis #RA #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis #ExtraArticular
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
retroperitoneal masses ... Obstruction of blood flow ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Urology #Diagnosis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Diagnosis Framework ... pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... of shoulder and hip ... tract, and often causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
K+, ACEi/ARBs, NSAIDs ... Failure, esp w ... only if no clear cause ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology