22 results
One-and-a-Half Syndrome
1 - One eye cannot move AT ALL horizontally
1/2 - The other eye can only
One-and-a-Half Syndrome ... cannot move AT ALL ... Demyelination (Multiple Sclerosis ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... tumors - Multiple Sclerosis ... " - Vascular disease ... #diagnosis #pineal ... #neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
Parinaud's syndrome ... tumors • Multiple sclerosis ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... #neurology #diagnosis
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Differential Diagnosis ... myelitis • Multiple sclerosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Lower Extremity ... Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome ... Dermatomes #Myotomes #diagnosis ... #neurology #sensory
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
often classified as ... Uncommon): - Vascular ... migraines, Multiple sclerosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
• Or brainstem syndromes ... such as internuclear ... Diagnosis - Based ... objective evidence of neurologic ... #neurology #treatment
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... finding of lateral sclerosis ... 4) progressive muscular ... Upper extremity, lower ... #neurology #diagnosis
One and a Half Syndrome on Physical Exam

This 28 year old patient presented to clinic with
One and a Half Syndrome ... , and multiple sclerosis ... There was also high ... the hospital, diagnosed ... ophthalmology #neurology
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Symptoms and signs ... roots -> Cauda ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #neurology #differential