134 results
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... dip = no albuminuria ... dip = albuminuria ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine ... → Urine culture ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... #blood #urine
Causes of Frequency, Nocturia, Polyuria

#Frequency #Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes #Differential #Urology #Table
Causes of Frequency ... Nocturia #Polyuria #Causes ... #Differential #Urology ... #Table
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... e.g NSAlDs) 3) FIX ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... CONSIDER INTRINSIC CAUSES ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
1ml blood/liter urine ... disease Renal Causes ... and SMA - Can cause ... urinary tract) Causes ... #urology #nephrology
Dix-Hallpike Maneuver for BPPV

Procedure:
1. Make the patient sit on examination table, such that the shoulders would
Dix-Hallpike Maneuver ... on examination table ... from a sitting to supine ... affected ear #Dix ... Instructions #Diagnosis #neurology
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
corresponding urine ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy ... Composition #Shapes #Table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... • Hypertonic saline ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... Testing Common causes ... test (with 24-h urine ... standard conditions (supine ... Screening #Workup #table
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... Hyperreflexia #Testing #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology