26 results
Infographic depicting the main pearls of various types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia for the medical student.
CAH #algorithm #causes ... CongenitalAdrenalHyperplasia #diagnosis #comparison ... treatment #Peds #Endocrinology ... #Adrenal #pathophysiology
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... Clinical #Nephro #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts ... #Comparison #Chart
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... → Increased urine ... SaltWasting #SIADH #Pathophysiology ... #hyponatremia #comparison
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Tract Infections: Complications ... urea which may cause ... supersaturation of urine ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology ... #Complications
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephrotic #Syndrome #Comparison
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... renal function/urine ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Upper Urinary Tract infection (UUTI): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Predisposing Factors:
 - Immunocompromised, Diabetes,
 - Elderly, Female
) - Stagnant urine ... system, stagnant urine ... lower tract: As a complication ... UrinaryTractInfection #UUTI #Pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... non-arousable, decr urine ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... wasting from other causes ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal causes ... • Diarrhea A urine
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
(NS) - Comparison ... Causes AKI: - ... Decreased GFR, urine ... May Cause Hemodynamic ... #NS #comparison