10 results
Infective endocarditis - etiology and sources of infection. 
 • Native and prosthetic 
valve endocarditis
 •
Infective endocarditis ... • Native and ... prosthetic valve endocarditis ... Sources #Causes #Bacteria ... #Differential #Microbiology
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Streptocccus Pneumoniae Microbiology ... Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative ... peritonitis, and endocarditis ... Meningitis 10-14 days, Endocarditis ... Pneumoniae #strep #microbiology
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
Gram-negative rods ... monocytes; no bacteria ... Few PMNs; no bacteria ... Patterns #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Presentation
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
blood culture negative ... infective endocarditis ... under BCNIE, these bacteria ... #Endocarditis # ... InfectiousDiseases #Microbiology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
Features of Non-Bacterial ... serology: Serial negative ... Frequent false-negative ... #comparison #infective ... Marantic #diagnosis #table
Main Lung Ultrasound differences between COVID-19 involvement and other conditions that may yield respiratory symptoms
 •
with superimposed bacterial ... areas #COVID19 #POCUS ... Lung #Ultrasound #Comparison ... #Table #Diagnosis
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Endocarditis Summary ... Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... • Coagulase-negative ... • Persistent bacteremia ... #Endocarditis
Important Fungal Stains
Mycology Lab:
 • Calcofluor white - Fluorochrome that binds glucans and chitin in fungal
• India ink - "Negative ... Fungal #Stains #microbiology ... fungi #fungus #comparison ... #table
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Endocarditis - Overview ... Hypercoagulable (APLAS) Microbiology ... aureus, Coagulase-negative ... staphylococci Culture Negative ... • Persistent bacteremia
Pyogenic liver abscess in children
Common bacterial causes in children:
 • S.aureus
 • Strep spp
 • Enteric
children Common bacterial ... • Enteric gram negative ... from contiguous focus ... artery (e.g., endocarditis