17 results
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Loop Diuretic Action ... diuretics compete with chloride ... sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephro #IM #LoopDiuretic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood pressure: Active ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... blood pressure: Active ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... the indicated causes ... #urine #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine chloride < 20 mmol/l - Chloride responsive (Chloride
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vomiting • NG suction ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
NSAIDS and their effects ... on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... distal component of Nephron ... Idiosyncratic immune reaction ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Generalized distal nephron ... loads (ammonium chloride
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
Physiological Effects ... Direct effect to ... excretion in distal nephron ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology ... #Action
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... organic acids and bases ... Henle's loop (TAL) - Active ... tubule (DCT) - Active ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Mechanism and Side-effect ... constipation • Allergic reaction ... mediated cytotoxic reaction ... -> Nausea, vomiting ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology