22 results
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
Segments of the Nephron ... and their Functions ... acid and most diuretics ... #Segments #Function ... #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... transport, renal function ... Gastrointestinal function ... #Pathophysiology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Definition: • Functional ... • Caused by splanchnic ... Pathophysiology: ... • Tubular function ... Exclude other AKI causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Hypomagnesemia Fractional ... loss if renal function ... is normal NEPHKIDS ... Hypomagnesemia #algorithm ... differential #diagnosis #causes
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
reabsorption in the nephron ... kidney), which causes ... are similar to diuretics ... have good kidney function ... Each is available
Diplopia - Double Vision - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical Pearls:
 • Diplopia is almost always binocular.
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... a mass as the cause ... Dislocation • Functional ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) - Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management Algorithm
Risk factors: Previous acute enteric infection, Female
Bowel Syndrome (IBS ... ) - Pathophysiology ... and Management Algorithm ... Younger age, Other functional ... Pregabalin #IBS
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
in DKA, body K+ is ... lost via osmotic diuresis ... out of cells may cause ... has good renal function ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Adrenal Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm - Evaluation of HPA Axis Response to ACTH

Early am cortisol < 3
Insufficiency Diagnosis Algorithm ... am cortisol < 3 is ... unclear (often the case ... normal adrenal function ... Insufficiency #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Functional GI Disorders in IBD - IBD Algorithm

Background:
 • 25-40% of IBD in remission have IBS
Functional GI Disorders ... in IBD - IBD Algorithm ... remission have IBS ... narcotic use FGID Pathphysiology ... @wabillin #Functional