10 results
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
NSAIDS and their effects ... on the Kidney - Pathophysiology ... modify immune function ... KidneyDisease #nephrology #Effects ... #pathophysiology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Neuromuscular Junction ... Pupillary #Pupils #Defects ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
are the newest class ... reabsorption in the nephron ... drugs include side effects ... Side effects include ... have good kidney function
Major Physiological Effects of Angiotensin II

Altered Peripheral Resistance
I. Direct vasoconstriction
II. Enhancement of peripheral noradrenergic
neurotransmission:
  A.
Physiological Effects ... Altered Renal Function ... excretion in distal nephron ... Nonhemodynamically mediated effects ... AngiotensinII #Pathophysiology
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Physiological - Simple Anisocoria ( <O.5mm)
 - Anisocoria equal
Anisocoria - Pupillary Defects ... Neuromuscular Junction ... pilocarpine • Pharmacologic ... Pupillary #Pupils #Defects ... #Causes #Ophthalmology
DPP4 Inhibitors - Normal and Renal Dosing

Increase Incretins (GLP-I & GIP) -> Stimulates Insulin, Inhibits Glucagon
titrate up to effects ... check the kidney function ... This drug class ... only few side effects ... Renal #Dosing #Pharmacology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Classification: CLASS ... channel blocking effects ... duration: - CLASS ... Vaughan #Williams #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Definition: mean pulmonary-artery pressure > 25mmHg
pulmonary embolism Pathophysiology ... multiple bilateral defects ... variables, WHO functional ... class Epoprostenol ... class • Promising
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology ... Classification: CLASS ... channel blocking effects ... Antiarrhythmics #Pharmacology ... #pathophysiology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
- Protective effects ... shift • Saline Causes ... coagulopathy - functional ... NS #comparison #pharmacology ... #effects