13 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
Localization of Renal ... Proximal tubule Bartter ... loop of Henle Gitelman ... #Nephron #Defects ... #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Extra-renal Losses ... secreting tumor, Primary ... thiazide diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman ... #causes #potassium
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hypokalemia • Renal ... • Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... causes #nephrology #potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... Emesis, Diuretics, Bartter ... syndrome, Gitelman
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
villous adenomas • Renal ... furosemide) - Bartter ... syndrome - Gitelman ... syndromes • Primary ... depletion (serum potassium
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cl-: Diuretics, Bartter ... Syndrome, Gitelman ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
• Hypokalemia (renal ... potassium wasting ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... syndrome • Pseudo Bartter-Gitelman ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... High Al, Low R - Primary ... h - Diuretics, Bartter's ... syndrome, Gitelman's ... #causes #low #potassium
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Diuresis - Bartter ... - Gitelman ... #Pathophysiology