20 results
Localization of Renal Tubular Defects
Fanconi Syndrome: Proximal tubule
Bartter Syndrome: Thick ascending loop of Henle
Gitelman Syndrome: Distal
loop of Henle Gitelman ... Syndrome: Distal ... Fanconi #Bartter #Gitelman ... #Localization #Nephron ... #Defects #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... Gitelman Syndrome ... delivery to distal nephron ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... causes #potassium #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Bartter's ... #Causes #Classification
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Gitelman ... syndrome - ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
Mechanisms of nephron ... in cardiorenal syndrome ... Reduced renal blood flow ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... Low-normal EABV ... , Low Plasma HCO3 ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #differential #algorithm