8 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
cardiac, liver, renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Hyponatremia #Hypovolemic ... #Euvolemic #Hypervolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... Skin loss • Euvolemic ... , Ingestion Renal ... ) diuresis • Euvolemic
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Renal Failure ... - GI losses, renal ... • Euvolemic ... • Hypervolemic
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic ... Na <20: Extra-renal ... Cerebral salt wasting Euvolemic ... Primary polydipsia Hypervolemic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
HYPOVOLEMIC • ... extra-renal volume ... - diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... psychogenic polydipsia HYPERVOLEMIC ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pancreatitis, Trauma Euvolemia ... hormone secretion Hypervolemia ... failure Hypervolemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Pancreatitis • Euvolemia ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... #Differential #Algorithm
Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) in IBD - IBD Algorithm

IUS Pros (+): no radiation, cost-effective, real-time data, well
) in IBD - IBD Algorithm ... cost-effective, real-time ... Ultrasound #IUS #IBD #Algorithm ... #IBDAlgorithm # ... POCUS #gastroenterology