48 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
- Differential ... Osmotic diuresis • Central ... insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... - Vertigo - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Bone Fracture Central ... symptoms/signs,
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup ... Diabetes insipidus (central ... or nephrogenic) ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polydipsia • Central ... Insipidus • Nephrogenic ... #causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... Diagnosis Baseline ... clinical context and signs ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Causes of Excessive ... Shift Work) Sleep ... • Obstructive/CentraI ... Disorders • Neurologic ... Parkinson's, MS)
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Diabetes Insipidus Central ... or neurogenic diabetes ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... Classification #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... response • Central ... #Causes
Major neurocognitive disorders (MNCD): Diagnosis and workup 

1) Clinical diagnosis Cognitive impairment + loss of autonomy
2)
Alzheimer - 1st cause ... (parkinsonian signs ... Dementia - 2nd cause ... Loss of bladder control ... MNCD #Dementia #Differential
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... - Differential ... Insipidus): • Central ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology