11 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Nephrotic syndrome ... Acute and chronic kidney ... - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute Kidney Injury ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... #Acute #Kidney
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ... Nephrolithiasis) • Neurogenic ... Diagnosis #nephrology #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Hyponatremia ... • Nephrogenic ... stones caused by ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) - Diagnostic Criteria
HRS-AKI (Acute: previously known as HRS Type 1)
 • ↑ Creatinine
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... Diagnostic Criteria HRS-AKI ... nephrotoxics (e.g. diuretics ... injury: No proteinuria ... - No other cause
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... diuresis can be ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Management ... high preload → Diuretics ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Loop diuretics for
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
, Compartment syndrome ... Dermatomyositis) AKI ... per day until stable ... Loop diuretics for ... Management #Summary #causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
conditions - Neurogenic ... sweat Heat Injury ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... involvement: Muscles, Kidneys ... differential #diagnosis #causes