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diagnosis differential nephrology acute injury kidney management treatment classification diuretics excretion high hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypotonic pharmacology physiologic potassium renal rhabdomyolysis
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Hyponatremia ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification Prerenal: • Dehydration • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome) • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... tubular necrosis (causes ... : sepsis, meds, ... obstruction) • Neurogenic ... tract infection • Medications
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis GI losses / Insensible losses Sodium Overload Transcellular Movement of Water Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... Insensible losses Sodium ... in kidneys) - Medications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements: • If low preload →
Kidney Injury (AKI ... high preload → Diuretics ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... ureteral stent(s) • Neurogenic ... → Stop meds •
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... declines > ALT) • AKI ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI ... Loop diuretics for
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework • Cellular Shift: - Exercise
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... hyperosmolality - Medications ... Aldosterone: K sparring diuretics ... distal tubule sodium ... depletion, - AKI
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